1. Trees
Warder-Perkins state nature preserve Named for John Aston Warder 1812-1883: Lewis Arthur Perkins 1885-1967 m: 1913 with Ethel Valentine 1890-1988 (who was ambidextrous) Ack! Those little stretches of trees are all that is left of the woods we used to tramp through... and it contains the not-so-rare, not-so-endangered running buffalo clover, which is scattered in little clumps of 1-10 square feet each, across 6 or more states (and U of KY was attempting to cultivate it). Now the "preserve" is hemmed in by ticky-tacky houses, the junior/middle school/evangelical church, & a flogging course. Oh, they are claiming that the flogging course is part of the "preserve". Indian Creek flowed/flows from several forks around JanDarAcres to come out between Symmes Ave &... the coffee shop & pizza place (is that Ozzie's Unlimited on Sunset?). Says here there were once 2 mills along Indian Creek. I seem to recall their place being just South of where Venetian Way is now, with a little carriage house near the road. Sigh. library: Cincinnati Museum in 1930s Union Train Station: John Aston Warder
Lehman's, Kidron, OH (about 6.5 miles SW of Dalton; WSW of Canton; NE of Columbus; 209 miles NE of MiamiTown): Cincinnati Gem Chain Pump 2022-03-01: Nicky Hoseck: Primal Survivor: the best hand pumps for shallow and deep wells
Rosaceae: rose family (Eudicots Rosids Rosales Rosaceae) 🍎
Maleae: apple tribe (Eudicots Rosids Rosales Rosaceae Aygdaloideae Maleae)
Apple trees (Eudicots Rosids Rosales Rosaceae Malus) 🍎
cherries
wood data-base: sweet cherry 🍒
peach trees (Eudicots Rosids Rosales Rosaceae Prunus Amygdalus persica) 🍑
pawpaw trees (Magnoliates Annonaceae Asimina triloba)
sassafras trees (Magnoliids Laurales Lauraceae Sassafras) sassafras albidum/ white/ red/ silky (Magnoliids Laurales Lauraceae Sassafras albidum) (with range map: CT, RI, NY, MI down to the Gulf Coast & central Florida (about Ocala it appears)) &nbps; USDA Forest Service (with county-by-county range map) not shade-tolerant, susceptible to injury by fire, helps restore depleted soil Wild Seed Project of Maine (U of KY) sassafras under threat by laurel wilt spread by "Redbay ambrosia" beetles (U of KY) laurel wilt (fungus Raffaellea lauricola) & "Redbay ambrosia" (Xleborus glabratus) beetles (Ohio Dept. of Agriculture) sassafras in SW Ohio under threat by laurel wilt (fungus Raffaellea lauricola) spread by "Redbay ambrosia" (Xleborus glabratus) beetles
elm trees (Eudicots Rosids Rosales Ulmaceae Ulmus) (or, as some pronounce it, elem 😎)
oak trees (Eudicots Rosids Fagales Fagaceae Quercus) (red oak, white oak)
USA chestnut (Eudicots Rosids Fagales Fagaceae Castanea dentata) from Maine to Mississippi &nbps; Almanac: how to peel a chestnut &nbps; 1973: USDA Forest Service: fungus (with county by county range map) &nbps; 1973: USDA Forest Service: restoring the USA chestnut tree &nbps; USA Chestnut Foundation (with county by county range map) &nbps; USA Chestnut Foundation: restoring a species
maple trees 🍁 (Eudicots Rosids Sapindales Sapindaceae/Aceraceae Hippocastanoidead Acer)
Acer saccharum/ sugar maple/ rock maple/ sugar tree/ hard maple (Eudicots Rosids Sapindales Sapindaceae Acer saccharum) (with range map) (Eric Meier: Wood Data-Base) (Jessica Becker: Kretz Lumber) (Wood Magazine)
red maple/ soft maple (Eudicots Rosids Sapindales Sapindaceae Acer rubrum)
Buckeye/horse chestnut trees 🌰 (Eudicots Rosids Sapindales Sapindaceae Hippocastanoideae Aesculus)
Urushi tree/lacquer tree/varnish tree/Japanese sumac/poison-ivy resin tree (Eudicots Rosids Sapindales Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron vernicifluum) (Suzanne Ross) Urushi/lacquer trees (Aack! Some people eat urushi honey, or cook the resin as tempura, or use it for cosmetics!) (KCP InterNational) (or as pre-death self-embalming fluid) (Toxicodendron anacardiaceae; 2020-01-26: Sabrina Stierwalt: Scientific American: What do cashews, mangoes, & poison ivy have in common?) Urushi-e lacquer pictures (Japan Objects) Japanese lacquer-ware Japanese Info (British Royal Society of Chemistry) (NIH) (BioMed Central: allergens of the urushiol family promote mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting the electron transport at the level of cytochromes b and chemically modify cytochrome c1) (American Chemical Society) (U of crazy California at Santa Cruz: poison oak) (CDCP: toxic plants) (Mayo Clinic: poison ivy: symptoms, causes) (Ginko biloba) (Bentoquatam = Bentonite clay) (medicinal clay for skin inflammation, acne, heavy-metal chelation (binding, sequestration, aid in elimination of heavy metals), exposure to carcinogenic aflatoxins, osteoporosis, sometimes for stomache upset or diarrhea) (Karl August Burow's solution = aluminum tri-acetate for skin inflammation & ear infections) (Science Direct: Medicine & Industry: urushiol)
mahogany trees (Meliaceae Swietenia)
hickory trees (Eudicots Rosids Fagales Juglandaceae Juglandoideae Juglandeae Caryinae Carya)
wood data-base: true hickory & pecan hickory
hazel/ Cob/ Filbert nut trees/shrubs (Eudicots Rosids Fagales Betulaceae Coryloideae Corylus americana & avellana) (Lana Burgess & Katherine Marengo) (Benedict Vanheems: GrowVeg) (Claire Cekander, Dawn Zarnowski & Jeff Zarnowski: CornellU)
birch trees (Eudicots Rosids Fagales Betulaceae Betula) (yellow birch, paper birch...)
Cupressaceae/cypress trees (Pinopsida Pinales Cupressaceae)
juniper trees (Pinopsida Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus)
ash/aesc/spear trees (Asterids Lamiales Oleaceae Oleeae Fraxinus) ash tree images (The Spruce) 12 or 13 species of ash trees (Gardening Know How) ash tree varieties (Leafy Place) ash tree bark & leaves (Lynn Coulter: HGTV) ash tree guide 2020-09-23: (Elizabeth Pennisi: AAAS) sparkling beetle could spell doom 2020-11-02: (Kitty Logan: newseu) UK ash trees losing fight against fungus 2020-04-21: (Gardens Illustrated) how to identify oak, ash, & beech trees
Viburnum lantana/way-faring bush/tree (Asterids Dipsacales Adoxaceae Viburnum lantana) (from which tzi; the Iceman/Homo tirolensis/Homo tyrolensis was making his arrows) (Ohio State U) Viburnum lantana/Caprifoliaceae/honeysuckle
holly/ilex trees (Aquifoliales Aquifoliaceae Ilex) English holly/Ilex aquifolium mountain holly/Ilex mucronata/catberry and an old Florida favorite yaupon holly/Ilex vomitoria because the local AmerIndians used to compete to see who could drink the most tea before... well, you get the idea David Beaulieu: about landscaping: American holly trees and other holly plants Gardener's Path: best defensive plants for household landscaping
Yerba mate (Angiosperms Eudicots Asterids Aquifoliates Aquifoliacead Ilex paraguariensis) Argentinian holly/ "herb tea that keeps us alive" impairs generation of advanced glycation end-products
(Lone Star Nursery)
(2007 November: C.I. Heck & E.G. de Mejia: UIUC: Journal of Food Science vol72 #9 ppR138-R151) Yerba mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis): a comprehensive review on chemistyr, health implications & technological considerations
Platanus occidentalis/American sycamore trees (Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis)
cedar trees (Pinopsida Pinales Pinaceae Cedrus)
junipers (Pinopsida Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus)
junipers/eastern juniper/redcedar/aromatic cedar (Pinopsida Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana)
Thuja plicata/Western red cedar/Pacific red cedar/Western arbor vitae (Pinopsida Pinales Cupressaceae Thuja plicata)
Thuja occidentalis/arbor vitae/swamp cedar/Eastern arbor vitae (Pinopsida Pinales Cupressaceae Thuja occidentalis)
eastern red vs. western red cedars
2-hydroxy-camphene
Cedarcide for mosquitoes 🦟
yew/ iwa/ ivos/ ivin/ eo/ywen/ if/ milos/ tasso/ tassu/ teix/ tech/ teixo/ sorkhdar/ Taxus baccata (Pinopsida Pinales Taxaceae Taxus baccata)
yew trees
(Garden Guides)
willow trees (Eudicots Rosids Malpighiales Salicaceae Saliceae Salix)
pussy willow trees (Eudicots Rosids Malpighiales Salicaceae Saliceae Salix discolor)
black walnut trees (Eudicots Rosids Fagales Juglandaceae Juglandoideae Juglandeae Juglandinae Juglans nigra)
Becky Lohmiller: Old Farmer's Almanac: black walnut tree roots emit herbicide Melvin J. Baughman & Carl Vogt: U of MN Dept. of Forest Resources extension service: growing black walnut Walnut Council: growing hard-woods (with range map) Arbor Day Foundation Almanac Ohio State U: "thousand cankers disease" fungus
English/Persian walnut trees (Eudicots Rosids Fagales Juglandaceae Juglans regia)
Pistacia terebinthus/turpentine/pistachio tree (Eudicots Rosids Sapindales Anacardiaceae Pistacia terebinthus) see also "terebinths of Mamre" EverGreen Arborists: pistachio & terebinth trees, related to sumac/Anacardiaceae & Eastern poison ivy/ toxicodendron radicans & mango/ Mangifera
pine tree (Pinophyta Pinopsida Pinales Pinaceae Pinus) or Eastern Canada & USA or Austrian pine (Ohio DNR) or Scotch pine (Ohio DNR)
honey locust/thorny locust (Eudicots Rosids Fabales Fabaceae Gleditsia triacanthos) How to prune a honey locust tree (verry carefully) Gardener's Path: best defensive plants for household landscaping USDA Forest Service: county-by-county map of range of honey locust
sumac tree (Eudicots Rosids Sapindales Anacardiaceae Anacardiodeae Rhus) (the poisonous varieties have been exiled into Toxicodendron -- poison sumac, poison oak, poison ivy)
barberry bush (Ranunculales Berberidaceae Berberis vulgaris) Gardener's Path: best defensive plants for household landscaping berries high in ascorbic acid; can host/spread wheat rust
dogwood trees (Asterids Cornales Cornaceae Cornus)
blueberries 🫐 (Asterids Ericales Ericaceae Vaccinium) (Web MD) (Medical News Today) (World Healthiest Foods)
Gaultheria / wintergreen/ Chiogenes Salisbury (Asterids Ericales Ericaceae Vaccinioideae Gaultheria Kalm) wintergreen methyl salicylate (1ml=20 drops contain the equivalent of about 1.86gm of aspirin) is a prominent molecule in its complex flavoring along with α-pinene, myrcene, δ-3-carene, limonene, 3,7-guaiadene, δ-cadinene
boxwood (Buxales Buxaceae Buxus)
wood data-base: boxwood
Tilia/ linden/ linde/ basswood/ pteleia (called lime trees in England & Ireland) (Eudicots Rosids Malvales Malvaceae Tilioideae Tilia)
American basswood/American linden trees (Eudicots Rosids Malvales Tiliaceae Tilia Americana)
wood data-base: basswood
Tilia cordata/ small-leaved lime/ small-leaved linden, littleleaf linden, pry (Eudicots Rosids Malvales Malvaceae Tilia cordata) from Southern England & Scandihoovia to Northern Spain, up into Russia, in the Caucasus, along the spine of Italy to South of Naples, the Balkans, (a gap in the Carpathians, I think), Bulgaria, old Thrace almost down to Constantinople/Istanbul, though at higher altitudes in the South; examples up to 131 feet tall, 27 feet 4 inches in diameter
acacia trees (Eudicots Rosids Fabales Fabaceae Mimosoideae Acacieae Acacia) (Many parts of the "tent of meeting"/אהל מועד/ahel muaad/ohel moed, including the ark/ארן/aron were made from acacia wood.)
pinenes are turpenes, i.e. isoprene polymers
terpenes are isoprene polymers found in pine oils, hops, and vitamin A, used to de-grease electronic circuit boards, to form natural scents & flavorings like limonene & lemongrass, and even steroids (possible protection from Advanced Glycation End-Products)
geraniol (a mosquito repellent and killer; found in rose oils, citronella, geranium and lemon oils) 🦟 (WickedPedia) exterminator prices (happy diy home) All Terrain Herbal Armor® DEET-free natural insect repellent All Terrain Herbal Armor® DEET-free natural insect repellent for kids Murphy's mosquito repellent balm stick (NIH recommends 2%+ geraniol) geraniol tick repellent mixing your own mosquito 🦟 repellents: geraniol, eucalyptus/lemon eucalyptus, thymol, critonellal, p-methane 3,8-diol(PMD), cinnamon oil, clove oil, limonene, Linalool, camphor, peppermint oil (StyleCraze)
Rubiaceae (angiosperms) (The Plant List) Cinchona Coffea ☕ Rubiaceae Cinchona Coffea Rubiaceae (USDA)
pyrethrin (a mosquito 🦟 repellent and killer; found in chrysanthemum oils) (WickedPedia)
Asteraceae (Asterids Asterales Asteraceae) (WickedPedia)
chrysanthemums (Asterids Asterales Asteraceae Asteroideae Anthemideae Chrysanthemum) (WickedPedia)
Cinnamomum (Magnolids Laurales Lauraceae Cinnamomum (WickedPedia)
true cinnamon (Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Laurales Lauraceae Cinnamomum verum) (WickedPedia)
malabathrum from Cinnamomum tamala (Magnolids Laurales Lauraceae Cinnamomum tamala) (WickedPedia)
eucalyptus tree (Eudicots Rosids Myrtales Myrtaceae Myrtoidead Eucalyptus) (WickedPedia) eucalyptol (1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2,2,2]octane/ 1,8-cineole/ 1,8-epoxy-p-menthane) (insecticide, insect repellant, mitocide, anti-bacterial, cough suppressant; safe for bees, but toxic to humans if ingested in concentrated humongous amounts) (WickedPedia) eucalyptol (NIH.gov)
Callistemon/bottle-brush bush (Eudicots Rosids Myrtales Myrtaceae Myrtoidead Melaleuceae Callistemon) (Plant Care Today) (Bardeners Path) (U of FL) (Epic Gardening)
camphor tree (Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Laurales Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphor) (WickedPedia) camphor (WickedPedia) camphor (U of FL)
Florida jujube/Rhamnaceae Ziziphus celata (USDA)
Smilax/ greenbriers (Liliales Smilacaceae Smilax) (WickedPedia) Smilax ornata/ sarsaparilla (Liliales Smilacaceae Smilax ornata) (WickedPedia) and Smilax/greenbrier (USDA)
lichen (pronounced liken or litchen rhymes with kitchen (WickedPedia) (BackYard Nature.net)
woody plants of SouthWestern Ohio (Cincinnati Wild Ones)
2. Garden: clovers, alfalfa, etc.
legumes/pulses/peas/beans (Eudicots Rosids Fabales Fabaceae/Leguminosae) Fabaceae/Leguminosae
clovers (Fabaceae Faboideae Trifolieae Trifolium) (WickedPedia)
running buffalo clover 🦬 🍀 (pdf)
running buffalo clover (Fabaceae Trifolium stolonifeum Muhl. ex A. Eaton) at Congress Green cem. near Harrison Memorial in North Bend, Ohio (snagged 2007-11-30 from Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources) (USFWS) (USFWS) info (Ohio Department of Natural Resources) (Missouri Department of Natural Resources) (WV Natural Resources Conservation Services) (USDA) nitrogen fixation & habitat (U of KY) (J.D. Supra) (Marcus Schenk: Penn Live) thought near extinction, now seemingly recovered after discoveries at 175 sites across several states, including Pennsylvania (Fox59/AP) thought near extinction, now seemingly recovered after discoveries at 175 sites across several states, including Indiana
running buffalo clover (Fabaceae Faboideae Trifolium stoloniferum) (WickedPedia); (USDA; with native area map)
buffalo clover (Fabaceae Faboideae Trifolium reflexum) (WickedPedia) (Dave's Garden); (USDA; with native area map)
common white clover/Dutch clover � 🍀 (Fabaceae Trifolium repens) (WickedPedia) miniclover (Fabaceae Trifolium repens) (Western Gardeners) (USDA; with introduced area map)
common red clover (Fabaceae Faboideae Trifolium pratense) (USDA; with introduced area map)(WickedPedia)
strawberry clover (Fabaceae Faboideae Trifolieae Trifolium fragiferum) (WickedPedia) (USDA; with introduced area map)
haresfoot clover/rabbit-foot clover/stone clover (Fabaceae Faboideae Trifolium arvense) (WickedPedia) (USDA; with introduced area map)
hop trefoil/field clover/low hop clover (Fabaceae Faboideae Trifolium campestre) (WickedPedia) (USDA; with introduced area map)
crimson clover (Fabaceae Faboideae Trifolium incarnatum) (WickedPedia) (USDA; with introduced area map)
black medick (Fabaceae Trifolieae Medicago lupulina) (WickedPedia); Eat the Weeds; (USDA; with introduced area map); Heather Rhoades: Gardening Know How: Black Medic Control
alfalfa/Medicago sativa (Fabaceae Medicago sativa/Medicago lucerne) (WickedPedia) (USDA; with introduced area map)
Oxalis/shamrock (Oxalidales Oxalidaceae Oxalis) (WickedPedia) ☘
sweet pea (Eudicots Rosids Fabales Fabaceae Faboideae Vicieae Lathyrus odoratus) (WickedPedia)
edible pea (Eudicots Rosids Fabales Fabaceae Pisum sativum) (WickedPedia)
beans (Eudicots Rosids Fabales Fabaceae Pisum sativum) (WickedPedia)
green beans/string beans/snap beans (Eudicots Rosids Fabales Fabaceae Faboideae Phaseoleae Phaseolinae Phaseolus vulgaris) (WickedPedia) and here
peanuts (Eudicots Rosids Fabales Fabaceae Faboideae Dalbergieae Arachis hypogaea) (WickedPedia) 🥜
dianthus/carnation (Caryophyllales Caryophyllaceae Dianthus caryophyllus) (WickedPedia)
blackberry (Eudicots Rosids Rosales Rosaceae Rubus Rubus) (WickedPedia)
raspberry (Eudicots Rosids Rosales Rosaceae Rubus Idaeobatus)
Osage Orange/ Maclura pomifera/bow-wood/ Bodock/ bodarc/ bois d'arc (Eudicots Rosids Rosales Moraceae Maclura pomifera) (National Geographic) (Eric Meier: Wood Data-Base) (Deep Green Permaculture) (Illinois Wild-Flowers) (Eat the Weeds) (Illinois Department of Natural Resources) (Ohio State U) (Indianapolis Star) (Dayton OH Daily News/Dayton.com)
elderberry (Asterids Dipsacales Adoxaceae Sambucus)
broad-leaf plantain/white-man's foot-print/greater plantain (Asterids Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantago) (WickedPedia) broad-leaf plantain (Edible Wild Food) 5 healthiest back-yard weeds to eat (Christopher Wanjek: Live Science)
cantaloupe (Eudicots Rosids Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melo cantalupo) (WickedPedia)
cucumber (Eudicots Rosids Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae Cucumis sativus) (WickedPedia) 🥒
watermelon (Eudicots Rosids Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus lanatus) (WickedPedia) 🍉
radish (Eudicots Rosids Brassicales Brassicaceae Raphanus sativus) (WickedPedia) radish (botanical.com)
wasabi (Eudicots Rosids Brassicales Brassicaceae Eutrema japonicum) (WickedPedia)
thistles (Asterids Asterales Asteraceae) (WickedPedia)
artichoke (Asterids Asterales Asteraceae Cynareae Cynara carbunculus scolymus) (WickedPedia)
onion 🧅 (Asparagales Amaryllidaceae Allioideae Allium cepa) (WickedPedia)
garlic 🧄 (Asparagales Amaryllidaceae Allioideae Allium sativum) (WickedPedia)
crucifers (Eudicots Rosids Brassicales Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea) (WickedPedia)
crucifers (Eudicots Rosids Brassicales Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea varieties capitata (head cabbage) & acephala (headless cabbage)) (WickedPedia)
Megan Ware: cabbage health info and recipes (Medical News Today) home-made sauerkraut (MarbleMount HomeStead) how to make sauerkraut (Martha Stewart) how to make home-made sauerkraut (Wellness Mama) bavarian sauerkraut (Wellness Mama)
Kohlrabi/turnip cabbage/German turnip (Eudicots Rosids Brassicales Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) (WickedPedia)
broccoli/Italian cabbage (Eudicots Rosids Brassicales Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea var. italica) (WickedPedia) 🥦
kale/leaf cabbage/Scandihoovian, German, Scottish cabbage (Eudicots Rosids Brassicales Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea var. italica) (WickedPedia)
Chenopodioideae (Caryophyllales Amaranthaceae Chenopodioideae) (WickedPedia)
sugar-beet (Caryophyllales Amaranthaceae Chenopodioideae Beta vulgaris vulgaris altissima)
lettuce (Asterids Asterales Asteraceae Lactuca sativa) (WickedPedia)
loose-leaf lettuce (Burpee) loose-leaf lettuce "heat-wave blend" (Burpee) loose-leaf lettuce black seeded Simpson (Burpee)
spurweed/burrweed/sandspurs/bindi weed/Onehunga-weed (Asterids Asterales Asteraceae Anthemideae Soliva sessilis & pterosperma) (WickedPedia) Matthew J. Orwat: Walton county extension service (IFAS U of FL) turf-grass research and education center (NCSU) (American Lawns) Bonnie L. Grant (Gardening Know How) ... IOW, "better living through chemistry".
carrot (Asterids Apiales Apiaceae Daucus carota) (We tried Chantenay, Danvers, Imperator and Nantes varieties at one time or another, but I most recall Danvers and Nantes.) 🥕 British Carrot Museum 🥕
anise/aniseed (Asterids Apiales Apiaceae Pimpinella anisum) (WickedPedia)
Lamiaceae (Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae) (WickedPedia)
basil (Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae Ocimum basilicum) (WickedPedia)
Mentha/mints (Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae Mentha) (WickedPedia)
peppermint (Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae Mentha piperita) (WickedPedia), peppermint (HappyDIYHome), menthol (2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol/3-p-menthanol/hexahydrothymol/menthomentol/peppermint camphor) (WickedPedia), menthol (Wise Geek), poisoning from consumption of pure menthol (NIH.gov), dl-menthol (2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol/ 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol) (NIH.gov)
spearmint (Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae Mentha spicata) (WickedPedia)
rosemary/anthos (Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae Rosmarinus officinalis) (WickedPedia)
oregano (Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae Origanum vulare) (WickedPedia), oregano oil (Dr. Josh Axe)
hyssop/azub/ezov (Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae Hyssopus officinalis) (WickedPedia)
thyme (Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae Thymus) (WickedPedia), thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) (mitocide, antiseptic, fungicide, anti-inflammatory) (WickedPedia), thymol (NIH.gov)
Lemon balm (Angiosperms Eudicots Asterids Lamiales Lamiaceae Melissa officinalis)
(2016-09-11: Sepide Miraj, Ph.D. Rafieian-Kopaei, Ph.D. & Sara Kiani: Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine)
(Mt. Sinai)
(WebMD)
(U of Wisconsin; Horticulture)
(HealthLine)
(D.O. Kennedy, G. Wake, S. Savelev, N.T.J. Tildesley, E.K. Perry, K.A. Wesnes & A.B. Scholey: NeuroPcychoPharmacology)
(possible protection from Advanced Glycation End-Products)
potato (Asterids Solanales Solanaceae Solanum tuberosum) (WickedPedia) 🥔
sweet potato/kumara (Asterids Solanales Convolvulaceae Ipomoea batatas) (WickedPedia)
Zea & teosintes (Commelinids Poales Poaceae Panicoideae Andropogoneae Zea mays) (WickedPedia)
maize/corn (Commelinids Poales Poaceae Panicoideae Andropogoneae Zea mays) (WickedPedia) 🌽
sorghum (Commelinids Poales Poaceae Panicoideae Andropogoneae Sorghum) (WickedPedia)
sugar-cane (Commelinids Poales Poaceae Panicoideae Andropogoneae Saccharum) (WickedPedia)
millet (Commelinids Poales Poaceae Panicoideae Andropogoneae Saccharum) (WickedPedia)
pampas grass (Commelinids Poales Poaceae Danthonioideae Danthonieae Cortaderia) (WickedPedia)
wheat (Commelinids Poales Poaceae Pooideae Triticeae Triticum) (WickedPedia) (OK, the most we had were a few stalks that came up just south of the SE corner of the driveway/parking space before the drop to the barn/kennel terrace.)
anti-biotic foods (food matters), natural anti-biotics (health line), natural anti-biotics (healthy home economist), natural anti-biotics (Naturalon), (Home Remedies), natural anti-biotics for dogs (Dana Scott: Dogs Naturally)
Bahia grass (Poales Poaceae Paspalum notatum) (WickedPedia) and (L.E. Trenholm, J.B. Unruh & J.L. Cisar: U of FL) and (Florida Lawn)
bent grass (Poales Poaceae Agrostis) (WickedPedia)
brown/velvet bent grass (Poales Poaceae Agrostis canina) (WickedPedia)
creeping/red-top bent grass (Poales Poaceae Agrostis stolonifera) (WickedPedia)
Bermuda grass/Bahama grass/dog's tooth grass/wire grass/scutch grass (Poales Poaceae Cynodon Dactylon) (WickedPedia) (USDA) (Florida Lawn) (U of FL)
Bufalo grass (Poales Poaceae Bougeloua dactyloides) (WickedPedia) (Florida Lawn)
centipede grass (Poales Poaceae Eremochloa ophiuroides) (WickedPedia) (J. Bryan Unruh, L.E. Trenholm & J.L. Cisar: U of FL) (Florida Lawn)
fescue grass/festuca grass (Poales Poaceae Festuca) (WickedPedia)
Kentucky blue grass/Bella blue grass (Poales Poaceae Poa pratensis) (WickedPedia)
perennial rye grass (Poales Poaceae Loliu perenne) (WickedPedia)
St. Augustine grass/Charleston grass/Buffalo turf (Poales Poaceae panicoideae paniceae Stenotaphrum secundatum) (WickedPedia) propagating (Landscape America) (Florida Lawn) (U of FL)
Texas blue grass/Bella blue grass (Poales Poaceae Poa arachnifera) (WickedPedia)
Zoysia grass (Poales Poaceae Chloridoideae Zoysieae) (WickedPedia) and (J. Bryan Unruh, L.E. Trenholm & J.L. Cisar: U of FL) (Florida Lawn)
broad-leaf plantain (Asterids Lamiales Plantaginaceae Plantago major) (WickedPedia) Edible Wild Food
goose-foot (Caryophyllales Amaranthaceae Chenopodioideae Atripliceae Chenopodium) (WickedPedia) (Early settlers in Cincinnati almost starved to death, until they started harvesting this stuff (probably this variety) and using it as a wheat substitute to make bread.)
buckwheat (Caryophyllales Polygonaceae Fagopyrum esculentum) (WickedPedia)
lily of the valley (Asparagales Asparaaceae Nolinoideae Convallaria majalis) (WickedPedia)
iris (Asparagales Iridaceae Iridoideae Irideae Iris) (WickedPedia)
Ribes/currants/gooseberries (Saxifragales Grossulariaceae Ribes) U of MN Tenth Acre Farm Stark Brothers
farm, yard, & garden tools
plows/ ploughs/ die Pflüge/ gli aratri/ aratri
disc or disc harrow is used after ploughing/plowing to break up clods (mostly clods of hard clay)
Bush Hog close-up
Bush Hog
Rotary Tillers
Self Sufficient Me
more pictures, a couple of them showing use
HomesteadImplements for small farms
small garden tiller in use...
I also notice they try to make it look like the tines are spinning very much faster than I have ever seen. Sometimes you have to struggle to hold it back to keep it from moving across the ground too quickly. If you want it to till deeper or finer you have to hold it back from racing forward. If you want a shallow pass to dig up weeds, you can go faster.
Some tillers have the tines on the front like the "EarthQuake Versa" and "VEVOR" farther down the page, and some have them on the back like this one. The ones on the back are slightly easier to control. And the ad also illustrates inflation. Back in the 1960s, I was shocked that a tiller attachment for our little tractor would cost $1K. A tiller alone then might cost $300-$500... but now they want $1300!!! It does have a good engine, though, designed using ICEM/DDN... or at least they were in the 1980s.
hay rakes
hay, straw, and pine needle rakes
John Deere (early adopter of cross-border bodyshopping grump grump grump)
plants, seeds & bulbs (Amazon)
plants, seed, tools, & other schtuff (Groves Nurseries UK)
heirloom vegetable seeds (My Patriot Supply)
seeds, bulbs, plants (J.W. Jung)
seeds, bulbs, plants (Johnny's Selected Seeds)
seeds & plants (Park Seed Company)
grass seeds & other schtuff (Niemeyer Landscape Supply)
seeds & plants (Gardens Alive!)
gardening schtuff (Dave's Garden)
seeds, plants, & supplies (Henry Field's Seed & Nursery Company)
Indiana lawn grass (Lawn Grass)
Illinois lawn grass (Lawn Grass)
Kentucky lawn grass (Lawn Grass)
Tennessee lawn grass (Lawn Grass)
open-pollinated & heirloom (New Hope Seed)
rare seeds (Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds)
seeds, bulbs, plants, etc. (Anderson's Seed & Garden Store)
seeds, bulbs, plants, etc. (Owen Nursery & Florist)
seeds, bulbs, plants, etc. (Twin Garden Farms)
seeds & bulbs (Victory Seed Company)
3. Bugs, etc.
moths (Insecta Lepidoptera) (WickedPedia) Field & Swamp; identification of moths (D. Pugh Photo) Lindsey Konkel: things you might not know about moths (Live Science) butterflies & moths of North America (Insect Identification.org)
Morus/ mulberry (Eudicots Rosids Rosales Moraceae Moreae Morus (Britannica) (HealthLine) (Spruce)
spruce (early recoverer of tundra)
alder (fixes nitrogen; quick to follow bracken after fire)
fir (follows bracken & alder after fire)
chaga/ tsiaga/ tsi aga (Eukaryota: Fungi: Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes: Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae: Inonotus obliquus) arctic medicinal tea simmered (not boiled), anti-inflammatory, energy booster, some anti-oxidant effect, topical treatment for psoriasis & eczema; originated West of the Urals, but found in England and Canada pg168
silk-worms (Insecta Lepidoptera Bombycidae Bombyx mori) (SilkWorm Shop) (Mulberry Farms) Tineidae moths (Insecta Lepidoptera Glossata Heteroneura Ditrysia Tineoidea) (WickedPedia)
clothes moths (Insecta Lepidoptera Tineidae Tineola bisselliella) (WickedPedia)
keep clothing safe from moths (wikiHow) LLillian Downey: stop moths from eating wool sweaters (eHow) moths prevention (HubPages) Remy Melina: moths eat keratin (Live Science) Mike Potter: clothes moths (U of KY)
Duponchelia fovealis moths (Insecta Lepidoptera Crambidae Duponchelia fovealis) (WickedPedia)
gypsy moth (Insecta Lepidoptera Erebidae Lymantria dispar) (WickedPedia)
Helicoverpa zea moth (Insecta Lepidoptera Noctuidae Helicoverpa zea) (WickedPedia)
codling moths (Insecta Lepidoptera Tortricidae Cydia pomonella) (WickedPedia)
waxworm moths (Insecta Lepidoptera Tortricidae Epiphyas postvittana) (WickedPedia)
waxwork moths (Insecta Lepidoptera Obtectomera Pyraloidea Pyralidae) (WickedPedia)
June bugs (Insecta Coleoptera Scrabaeidae Melolonthinae Phyllophaga) (WickedPedia) moles (Mammalia Eutheria Eulipotyphla Talpidae) which feed on June bug grubs and cutworms and earthworms (WickedPedia)
green June beetles (Insecta Coleoptera Scrabaeidae Cetoniinae Gymnetini Cotinis nitida) (WickedPedia) (The grubs thrived under the rabbit hutches; next door kid tried them as fish-bait, but the fish didn't like them.), green June beetles (Penn State U entomology) green June beetles (Julie Day: Today's Home Owner) green June beetles (Oklahoma State U entomology)
firefly/lightning bug (Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Elateriformia Elateroidea Lampyridae) (WickedPedia) (National Geographic) (Back Yard Nature) (firefly.org)
🦟 mosquito 🦟 (Insecta Diptera Nematocera Culicomorpha Culcoidea Culicidae) (WickedPedia) (National Geographic) Are you a mosquito magnet? (Elizabeth Heubeck & Louise Chang: Web MD) (Dawn H. Gouge, Kirk A. Smith, Carl Olson & Paul Baker: U of AZ) real mosquitoes of Clermont county Ohio & the diseases they carry 4 of the varieties of mosquitoes in and around Cincinnati, Ohio (Lawn Plus Pest Control) Michele M. Cutwa & George F. O'Meara: U of HogTown: Florida Medical Entomology eLaboratory: common mosquitoes of Florida (PDF with detailed photos) 🦟
Wuchereria bancrofti, filariasis/elephantiasis Animalia Nematoda Secementea Spirurida Spirurina Onchocercidae Wuchereria bancrofti CDCP: Wuchereria bancrofti, lymphatic filariasis/elephantiasis Animalia Nematoda Secementea Spirurida Spirurina Onchocercidae Wuchereria bancrofti spread by mosquito genera 🦟 Culex, Anopheles, Aedes, Mansonia, Coquillettidia 🦟 geraniol (a mosquito repellent and killer; found in rose oils, citronella, geranium and lemon oils) 🦟 (WickedPedia) exterminator prices (happy diy home) All Terrain Herbal Armor® DEET-free natural insect repellent All Terrain Herbal Armor® DEET-free natural insect repellent for kids Murphy's mosquito repellent balm stick (NIH recommends 2%+ geraniol) geraniol tick repellent mixing your own mosquito 🦟 repellents: geraniol, eucalyptus/lemon eucalyptus, thymol, critonellal, p-methane 3,8-diol(PMD), cinnamon oil, clove oil, limonene, Linalool, camphor, peppermint oil (StyleCraze) Ceratopogonidae/midgies/no-see-ums/sand flies, punkies (Insecta Diptera Nematocera Culicomorpha Chironomoidea Ceratopogonidae) (WickedPedia) biting midges/horn-beards (Bug Guide) biting midges/horn-beards... attracted by CO2 (Purdue) biting horse-fly/gad-fly/clegg/gleg/clag/deer-fly/buffalo-fly/breeze-fly (Insecta Diptera Tabanoidea Tabanidae) (WickedPedia) Tabanidae (UMich Animal Diversity Web) Tabanidae (NC State U) Tabanidae (Insect Images) Tabanid (U of IL) wasp (Insecta Hymenoptera Apocrita) (WickedPedia)
mud-dauber wasps (Insecta Hymenoptera Apocrita Apoidea) (WickedPedia)
German yellow-jacket wasps (Insecta Hymenoptera Apocrita Vespidae Vespula germanica) (WickedPedia)
paper wasps (Insecta Hymenoptera Apocrita Vespidae Polistinae Polistini Polistes) (WickedPedia)
hornet (Insecta Hymenoptera Apocrita Vespidae Vespinae Vespa) (WickedPedia) ant (Insecta Hymenoptera Apocrita Vespoidea Formiciae) (WickedPedia)
fire-ant (Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Myrmicinae Solenopsidini Solenopsis mandibularis) (WickedPedia) professor Walter R. Tschinkel with one of his zinc castings of fire-ant nest 🐜 fruit fly (Insecta Diptera Brachycera Schizophora Acalyptratae Ephydroidea Drosophilidae)
fruit fly (Insecta Diptera Brachycera Schizophora Acalyptratae Ephydroidea Drosophilidae)
horse fly/ gad-fly/ clegg/ gleg (Insecta Diptera Brachycera Tabanomorpha Tabanoidea Tabanidae) house-fly (Insecta Diptera Schizophora Muscidae Musca domestica) Carry over 100 pathogens (disease-carriers) incluing those causing typhoid, cholera, salmonellosis, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, anthrax, opthalmia, and parasitic worms. (WickedPedia) how to get rid of house-flies (Do Your Own Pest Control) house-fly fact-sheet (Penn State U) house-fly (Kidz World) black-fly/ buffalo gnat/ turkey gnat/ white socks (Insecta Diptera Nematocera Culicomorpha Chironomoidea Simuliidae) (WickedPedia) black-fly/ buffalo gnat/ turkey gnat/ white socks (Mosquito Magnet biting insect library) honey-bee (Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae Apinae Apini Apis) (WickedPedia) (National Geographic) 🐝 earth-worm (Annelida Oligochaeta Megadrilacea) (WickedPedia) (National Geographic)
lady-bug (Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Polyphaga Cucujoidea Coccinellidae) (WickedPedia) (National Geographic) 🐞 centipede (Animalia Arthropoda Myriapoda Chilopoda) (WickedPedia) millipedes (Animalia Arthropoda Myriapoda Diplopoda) (WickedPedia) nematodes/ round-worms (Animalia Nematoida Nematoda) (WickedPedia)
Wuchereria bancrofti, filariasis/elephantiasis Animalia Nematoda Secementea Spirurida Spirurina Onchocercidae Wuchereria bancrofti CDCP: Wuchereria bancrofti, lymphatic filariasis/elephantiasis Animalia Nematoda Secementea Spirurida Spirurina Onchocercidae Wuchereria bancrofti spread by mosquito genera 🦟 Culex, Anopheles, Aedes, Mansonia, Coquillettidia 🦟 Dirofilaria immitis/ heartworms (Animalia Nematoida Nematoda Secernentea Spiruria Spirurida Onchocercidae Dirofilaria immitis) (WickedPedia) American HeartWorm Society: basics Sandy Eckstein: WebMD: HeartWorms in Dogs: facts and myths Phasmatodea/ walking-sticks (Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Exopterygota Phasmatoea) (WickedPedia) pyrethrin (a mosquito 🦟 repellent and killer; found in chrysanthemum oils) (WickedPedia) pyrethroid (a mosquito 🦟 repellent and killer; found in chrysanthemum oils) (WickedPedia) chrysanthemums (Asterids Asterales Asteraceae Asteroideae Anthemideae Chrysanthemum) (WickedPedia) Stilbene
Caffeic acid (possible protection from Advanced Glycation End-Products)
(_Introductory and General Biology_ 24. Fungi; Section 4. Seedless Vascular Plants; sub-section B. Vascular Tissue -- Xylem and Phloem) Xylem carries water up trees, phloem carries sugary sap down; phloem is outside the cambium, xylem inside xylem phloem (2014-08-15: Wiley: New Phytologist: see figure 1) (FabPedigree) Lauraceae, Avocado, Cinnamon, Camphor, Bay Laurel, Spicebush, Sassafras...
e-mail jgoe-mail jgo
Close-up of the under-side of a Bush Hog brand bush hog. The wheels are at the back. The frame is horse-shoe shaped. The short chains at front and back are to keep pieces of wood from flying at high speed. The blades are spring-mounted so that if they hit a rock or a hard-wood stump, they bounce back instead of breaking, and then swing back into cutting position. (On an ordinary lawn-mower the blade is bolted directly to the drive-shaft in the center. Some riding mowers have a primary larger blade of 12" to 30" length and 2 smaller ones of 5" to 8" at the corners or edges.)
The sides are not straight. The front of the side edge is higher than the back, so it kind of skids on the ground, with the back wheels only taking up some of the force. The whole thing is attached to a tractor in such a way that it is free to rise and fall a little by a sort of spring action, as well as having a general height setting. (Usually the height is set for about 3 inches, or higher. Shorter then 3" kills the grass.)
What it is good for. How it is used.
There are small ones, only a few inches wide and with thin blades for small garden spaces, and big ones 9' wide for farmland with the heavier tilling spines/blades being driven by the tractor engine.
I get a kick out of this page because one annoying thing about rotary tillers is that if the ground is the least bit hard or if there are big hard clay clods or rocks, they tend to jump all over the place. A little gravel or hand-sized boulders are not a worry. They are difficult to control. So the pictures are implicitly claiming that this particular one is so easy to control that you can do it one-handed. And, yes, you do occasionally need to pull them back and swing them left or right to get back on the path intended. You control them by pushing down on the handles or lifting up. This will cause the digging it does to be deeper or shallower.
Martha Stewart's spiel. She says the "large" garden might take a couple hours to till. We took several days... usually only tilling a few rows worth of space at a time... going across the slope instead of up and down, which would speed erosion.
Blue Spruce (Tracheophytes Gymnospermae Pinophyta Pinopsida Pinales Pinaceae Picea pungens)
(Science Direct)
(PubChem: trans-Stilbene)
(PubChem: cis-Stilbene)
(Aldrich/Sigma: trans-Stilbene)
(2011-06-03: Noriyuki Minezawa & Mark S. Gordon: Journal of Physical Chemistry: American Chemical Society: photo-isomerization fo stilbene: a spin-flip density functional theory approach)
(HealthLine)
(WebMD)
